Parramatta Heritage and Visitor Information Centre website have collated a very special selection of historical documents, photos and in-depth articles from a range of experts on the local ANZAC experience.

Deepen your understanding of the war and how it affected men and women in the greater Parramatta area by exploring extensive archives. Discover the lives of the men and women who went to war: from the tireless work of Australian women who travelled overseas to nurse the wounded and work behind the lines in support, to the harrowing Fromelles campaign and of course, the doomed landing at Gallipoli.

There is special attention paid to the role of individual Parramatta men and women, such as Private Henry James Robinson, who after enlisting and beginning his military career in Marseilles was admitted to hospital and returned to service four times, before being killed in action in Belgium.

Be inspired by this unique collection online at the Parramatta Heritage and Visitors Centre and understand the links our region has to that pivotal point in time.

Members of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are advised that the above link contains images, names and stories of deceased peoples.

Australia's second oldest city

Chosen by Governor Arthur Phillip in 1788 as the colonial farming settlement, Parramatta is now home to significant pieces of Australian history due to the City's heritage as a pioneering location for industry, agriculture and politics. 

 

NSW Lancer Barracks and Museum

The museum, the Australian mainland’s longest continuous military installation, houses a collection of photographs, diaries, weapons seized from enemy soldiers, vintage armoured vehicles and an overview of the history of the Lancers. The Lancer Barracks is made up of several historic buildings built in c1820, including the Georgian building of Linden House – home to the Lancer Museum.

 2 Smith Street, Parramatta | Visit the NSW Lancers' Museum for more

Philip Ruddock Heritage Centre

Building for the V Apartments by Crown Group in 2005 uncovered a series of archaeological remains from the early settlement of Parramatta. View the well-preserved remnants that include footings of a convict hut, footings of a colonial period cottage (including a well) and the remains of the Wheatsheaf Hotel – which formerly occupied the site. The centre perfectly captures the connection between Parramatta’s heritage and its future.  

45 Macquarie Street (Corner Marsden Street), Parramatta |  V Heritage Centre 

archaeological remains from the early settlement of Parramatta

Harris Park National Heritage Area

A suburb of the City of Parramatta, the Harris Park Heritage Area encompasses important historic landmarks such as Experiment Farm Cottage, Elizabeth Farm Cottage and Hambledon Cottage. The Harris Park Heritage Walk is a self-guided tour that begins at the Parramatta Wharf and continues through the suburb – follow the signposts – for 2.4 km or approximately 45minutes (not including time spent visiting each landmark house).

Harris Park National Heritage Walk

Cottages

Hambledon Cottage

Built in 1824, this well-preserved and beautifully furnished home sits on the Elizabeth Farm Estate. The house was built by John Macarthur, a British army officer and pioneer of the Australian wool industry, and was most notably occupied by his governess Penelope Lucas in 1827. The cottage was built in the Colonial Georgian style, common at that time, using rendered sand stock brick. Today home to Parramatta & District Historical Society.

47 Hassall Street, Harris Park | More information: (02) 9635 6924 or visit the Hambledon Cottage Museum

Hambledon Cottage exterior from front

Elizabeth Farm

The oldest surviving European dwelling in Australia, once occupied by John and Elizabeth Macarthur and their children. Visitors can truly experience what life was like living at Elizabeth Farm. 

A new display at Elizabeth Farm explores the impact of John Macarthur’s declining mental health, ultimately leading to his commital for lunacy.

70 Alice Street, Rosehill 2142 | More information:(02) 9635 9488 or visit Sydney Living Museums

Elizabeth Farm exterior

Experiment Farm Cottage

The cottage sits on the site of the first land grant in Australia, given to James Ruse, an ex-convict who had been brought to Australia on the First Fleet to carry out his sentence in 1787. Upon completing his sentence Ruse asked Governor Arthur Philip for an allotment of land to prove he could farm the land and be self-sufficient, which he successfully achieved in 1791 by cultivating a 30 acre piece of land. Surgeon John Harris built the Indian-style bungalow that occupies the land today.

Ruse Street, Harris Park | More information: (02) 9635 5655 or visit National Trust

Experiment Farm

Female Orphan School - Whitlam Institute

The building was commissioned in 1813 by Governor Macquarie to provide a place to prepare orphaned, convict and Indigenous females for life as domestic servants. The building became a mental hospital in the 1880s for a century, before falling into disrepair in the mid 1980s. The present day refurbished building has become an integral part of Western Sydney University – a wing of which is dedicated to the Whitlam Institute and displays a model of former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam’s office.

WSU Parramatta South Campus, Building EZ, corner James Ruse Drive and Victoria Road, Rydalmere | More information: visit Whitlam Institute

Whitlam Institute

Parramatta Female Factory

Follow in the footsteps of the female convicts, within this National Heritage Precinct. Stories of convict women’s incarceration experience; earliest dedicated women’s health service; first worker’s action in Australia and mental health history. The site officially became the Parramatta Lunatic Asylum in 1850. Over the years the name and function went through many iterations. Finally, in 1983 the name was changed to Cumberland Hospital, now operating as the campus for the Institute of Psychiatry.

5 Fleet Street, North Parramatta | Parramatta Female Factory

Parramatta Female Factory

Newington Armory

What once served as a naval armaments depot has now gained a new life as an arts precinct. Visit the Armoury Gallery, which was used as an explosives store during WWII and is now used as a 500sqm contemporary gallery. A great way to take it all in is on the Heritage Railway, which operates on Sundays only.

Jamieson Street, Sydney Olympic Park | Sydney Olympic Park

Newington Armory

Parramatta Town Hall

Governor Phillip designated the land for Parramatta’s Town Hall in his early plan for the area and foundations were laid in 1792. The space around Town Hall was used as a Market Place from 1812 – with the weekly Farmer’s Markets still operating in this space today. Governor Macquarie designated the site in front of Town Hall for the Annual Meeting of the Aboriginal Tribes in Parramatta from 1816 to 1833. The building still serves the community of Parramatta today.

Centenary Square, 182 Church Street, Parramatta 2150

Town Hall at Night

Lennox Bridge

Lennox Bridge was completed in 1839 and was designed by David Lennox, then Superintendent of Bridges for NSW. The bridge replaced two earlier wooden bridges on the same site and is built from sandstone sourced from the Parramatta Female Factory quarry.

Adjacent to 330 - 338 Church Street, Parramatta and the Visitor Information Centre

Lennox Bridge

Other sites of interest

St John’s Cathedral
195 Church St, Parramatta
(02) 9891 0700
Visit St John's Cathedral for bookings and more information

St John’s Cemetery
1 O’Connell and Aird Streets, Parramatta
(02) 9891 0700
Open: Guided tours for visitors are available by appointment with St John’s Cemetery Trust. Look out for Sydney suburb namesakes D’Arcy Wentworth of Wentworthville, John Harris of Harris Park and Mary Kelly of Kellyville.
Visit St John's Cemetery for more information

St Patrick's Cathedral
Marist Place, Parramatta (Opposite Prince Alfred Square)
With its innovative combination of architecture and art, St Patrick’s was the first Australian Cathedral of the new millennium, continuing its tradition of breaking new ground for more than 170 years.
(02) 8839 8460 or (02) 8839 8411
Visit St Patrick's Cathedral for more information

St Patrick’s Cemetery
St Patrick’s Cemetery is the oldest Catholic cemetery in Australia, including the oldest Mortuary Chapel in Australia.
Corner Pennant Hills Road and Church Street, Parramatta
(02) 8839 8400
Open from 6am until sunset for walk through

Living history all around 

Even in this thriving city of close to a quarter of a million people, Parramatta has a rather unique ability to take you back into its history – just you and the peacefulness of many colonial sites, lovingly kept as time capsules dedicated to the hard-working figures who have made Parramatta what it is today. After all, it was settled by Europeans in the same year as Sydney city itself, in 1788; and this history is still very accessible today, to those who merely take the time for a walk.

Harris Park Heritage Walk

The self-guided 2.4-kilometre Harris Park Heritage Walk is one such way to discover some of Parramatta’s most noteworthy and significant historical properties and landmarks, simply by heading east along the river from Parramatta Wharf. It is this very river that brought European settlers here, being the point at which the waters became freshwater, feeding the area’s richer soil and making it a good first farming ‘food bowl’ for the new colony.

cottage

Experiment Cottage

As you stroll through the fertile green spaces along the river, such as the Queen’s Wharf Reserve, overlooked by the Gasworks Bridge and guided by signposts along the way, you can imagine how ex-convict farmer James Ruse was able to set up Experiment Farm in 1789, reaching self-sufficiency from colony food rations in only 18 months, and thus being granted these 30 acres – the colony’s very first land grant.

As you stand on the verandah of Experiment Farm Cottage, even now in this well-populated area of Harris Park, you can see all the way to the river thanks to a city initiative back in 2000, that cleared the property of extraneous buildings interrupting this vista through the gardens and James Ruse Reserve.

9 Ruse Street, Harris Park. Visit Experiment Farm Cottage for more information

Experiment Farm

Hambledon Cottage

On the same historic block, down on Hassall Street, Hambledon Cottage exhibits the same rather stark Georgian colonial architecture, although a closer look reveals the beautiful textures of its original sandstone brick and an interior decked out with exquisite cedar wood joinery. This was the second house of John Macarthur, pioneer of the early Australian wool industry and commandant of the Parramatta settlement in the 1790s. Further to the east, on the Heritage Walk, you can see the rest of Macarthur’s domain at Elizabeth Farm, named after his wife. By all reports a strong-willed figure, Macarthur was granted 200 acres here and used it to successfully breed sheep suited to the Australian land, becoming the biggest sheep owner of the colony by the 1800s.

A tour of Hambledon Cottage reveals clues as to its many occupants through the years, from the Macarthurs to their much-loved governess, Penelope Lucas, the State’s archdeacon, a solicitor and finally a pharmaceutical company, which donated the cottage to Parramatta City Council for safekeeping.

63 Hassall Street (cnr Gregory Place), Parramatta Visit Hambledon Cottage for more information

Hambledon Cottage

Elizabeth Farm

Elizabeth Farm is Australia’s oldest surviving European dwelling. It was built in 1793 by wool pioneer John Macarthur, one of the most influential and controversial figures in early colonial history.

Elizabeth Farm is a rare example of an early Australian colonial homestead. It is also one of the most accessible house museums you will ever visit. There are no inhibiting room barriers, so you can wander freely through the house, draw up a chair to a table, read family letters and newspapers, relax on shady verandas or warm up before an open fire and imagine life in the early colony. 

The Tea Rooms are situated in a recreated 1830s garden and are open on Saturday and Sunday from 10.30am to 3pm for light meals and refreshments.
 

70 Alice Street, Rosehill Visit Elizabeth Farm for more information

Old painting of Parramatta

Parramatta River History

With its origins dating back 15 thousand years as a dry valley floor, the Parramatta River is a natural landscape that predates the City itself by more than 14 thousand years.

The River has enjoyed relationships with the Darug, Cadigal, Wangal, Toongagal, Wallumdegal, Wategora and, most directly, the Burramattagal Aboriginal people - all of whom used the river as an important source of spirituality, food, activity and trade over thousands of years.

And while much has changed in the past 200 years it remains a constant but evolving place of food, recreation and trade. 

Concept render of sand bank on the river

Importance & Competing Pressures

The modern day Parramatta River is the main tributary running into Sydney Harbour. It  runs 14 kilometres passing 750-thousand people who live within its catchment area. By 2041, the City of Parramatta’s population alone is forecast to grow to 487,731 people.

In the last 200 years, loss of natural vegetation, native fauna due to reclamation dredging, non idyllic development, increased pollution and runoff resulting in erosion and flooding. Pressure on the natural environment has never been higher. 

Concept render of night life on Parramatta River

Collaboration & Innovation

Our Living River is a collaborative strategy produced by members of the Parramatta River Catchment Group including 11 councils, Sydney Water, NSW Environment Protection Authority and NSW Department of Planning, Industry & Environment. 

At the heart of the Our Living River strategy is an objective to return the River to its pre-industrial form and give it back to the people. Aside from achieving its main goal of making the river swimmable by 2025 the Masterplan prioritises initiatives that restore cleanliness to support diverse wildlife, including birds, animals, healthy ecosystems, marine and plant life

Managing multiple uses of the River, current and future state are a critical consideration and are set out in the Masterplan as effective planning controls, improving stormwater infrastructure and providing better public access.  

About the Project

Riverside Theatres is the premier performing arts venue in Western Sydney. It is the centrepiece of performance culture in Sydney’s central city, Parramatta offering live performing arts experiences and a wide array of significant community events. Well-established and highly respected both by the local community and the national arts industry, Riverside is a successful cultural and community asset of the City of Parramatta Council. 

The vision for the Theatres, endorsed through the Riverside Theatre 2017-2021 Strategy, is: “Imagining, Understanding and Celebrating our world on stage”.  Riverside plays an important role in building a diverse, thriving local city culture. By connecting artists with audiences, attracting talent and industry, and supporting education and innovation, it contributes to the city’s liveliness, vibrancy and economic activity while facilitating authentic community dialogue and interaction, attracting talent and industry and supporting education and innovation. 

In December 2022, Council approved a detailed business case to transform the Council-owned-and-operated Riverside Theatres into the centrepiece of Parramatta’s revitalised arts and culture precinct. Council is investing more than $136M million, with $40 million in NSW Government’s WestInvest funding also committed for the redevelopment project. 

The Riverside Theatres Redevelopment Project presents an opportunity to create a new cultural anchor of scale that reflects the values, aspirations, and culture of Sydney's Central River City. Our ambition is that Riverside Theatres will support Parramatta’s aspiration and trajectory to becoming a great global and cultural city. The project sets a number of ambitious goals for its future, including providing flexible performance spaces, offering an expanded artistic program for a diverse community; and crafting an iconic and distinctive architectural landmark for Western Sydney.
 
The redevelopment concept plan will see Riverside Theatres’ capacity more than double and include: 

  • The addition of a 1,350-1400 seat Lyric Theatre; 
  • Refurbishment of the existing iconic 760-seat Riverside Playhouse Theatre; 
  • Construction of an all-new 430-seat ‘Black Box’ drama/performance theatre; 
  • An all-new 80-90 seat digital development studio / digital cinema; and 
  • Significantly enlarged and enhanced public spaces, foyers and food and beverage and function spaces.

The Riverside Theatres Redevelopment is intended to benefit the local community, residents of Western Sydney, Greater Sydney and domestic and international tourists alike. The project is envisaged as an iconic and unique centre of performing arts excellence and a world-class cultural venue which, when complete, will assist in making Parramatta a twenty-first century cultural destination and become the centrepiece for performing arts in the Central River City.

Four people walking out side Riverside Theatres
Riverside Theatres interior

Design Competition Expression of Interest

The City of Parramatta is pleased to extend an invitation to suitably qualified Australian and International Architectural Design teams to respond to our Expression of Interest (EOI) phase as we embark on an extraordinary journey with the Riverside Theatres Design Competition.

Melbourne might be Australia's original coffee capital, but, these days, it's facing some fierce competition from cities all over the country, Parramatta included. 

In tucked away laneways and sun-dappled courtyards everywhere, locals are sipping on dynamic house blends and unique single origins. 

Whether it's a smooth, balanced cappuccino or a rich, dark espresso that gets you out of bed and into the office in the morning, it's within reach here in Parramatta. 

Lil' Miss Collins in Parramatta

As Paul Kelly sings, "From little things, big things grow", and Lil' Miss Collins is an example of his wisdom. This lovely cafe made its mark with two pop-ups before setting up permanent digs near Parramatta Station. Slipping through the recycled wooden fence into the courtyard feels like stepping into an alternative, rural world—and the clucking chickens confirm the notion. What's more, visitors are welcome to bring their own pets. As if running a mini-farm didn't give the Lil' Miss Collins folks enough to do, they roast their own beans, too. The house blend, dubbed Orthodox, is always on-the-go and there's usually an origin-driven alternative, too.

13 Wentworth Street Parramatta

Lil Miss Collins
Lil Miss Collins

White Henry Espresso Bar in Parramatta

It's in Parramatta's laneways that some of the City's most interesting businesses are to be found and one of them is White Henry. Since 2014, this espresso bar has been serving its house blend, Blue Stag, in which three types of Arabica beans combine to create a smooth, chocolatey flavour profile with spicy, fruity notes. There's also a single origin, which changes weekly. Metal stools and black benches give an industrial feel, softened by splashes with greenery. Despite the hidden away location, plenty of light streams in on sunny days.

4/118 Church St, Parramatta

people queueing up for coffee

Cafe El's in Winston Hills

Matt Elbayeh, who co-owns Cafe El’s with his mother, Ezmerelda, trained as a chef at El Phoenician, his father’s Lebanese restaurant in Parramatta. Now, he puts his years of experience into creating cafe fare driven by bold flavours and fresh produce. Corn fritters come as a towering stack, with avocado, bacon, tomato chutney, fetta, zataar, chilli labne and poached eggs, while the American brekkie is a double waffle topped with bacon, hash brown, fried eggs and maple syrup. Cafe El’s occupies a porch at the entrance of Winston Hills Shopping Centre, with expansive sliding windows that overlook Caroline Chisholm Park.

Winston Hills Mall, 64/180 Caroline Chisholm Dr, Winston Hills

coffee in a coffee cup with food on plates next to it

The Avenue in Newington

In the heart of Newington, a Parramatta neighbourhood near Sydney Olympic Park, is a café with a whole lot of charm. The sleek, contemporary décor make it the perfect place to catch up over coffee and brunch with friends. Dishing up all the breakfast classics like smashed avocado toast and breakfast buns, The Avenue also serves up great Lebanese and Mediterranean fare like harissa kishik and zaatar manoush platters. 

Newington Marketplace is a great meeting point for locals but it’s well worth a visit to if you’re coming from a bit further afield or taking a visit to its nearby Blaxland Riverside Reserve or Newington Armory. 

2 Avenue of Europe, Newington

woman standing in the avenue cafe in front of coffee table holding flowers with coffee and food behind her

Beans & Barrels in Parramatta 

If you’re over on the river side of town, Beans & Barrels always has amazing specials on, giving you great value for money if you’re looking for breakfast on-the-go under $10. Their muffins are made fresh in-house daily and make the perfect morning tea or afternoon pick-me-up. Open all day for breakfast, lunch and after work drinks, its plush velvet seats and wooden interiors make it a classy spot for a work meeting. Or if you need to take five, it’s a lovely place to sit with a coffee and a newspaper and watch the world go by. 

Shop 6/180 George St, Parramatta
 

coffee and muffin

River Café in Parramatta

The idyllic waterfront location gives The River Cafe a harbour-esque charm that makes it the perfect place to relax, sip coffee, and watch the world go by. Great for breakfast, lunch or coffee and pastries, you can sit solo and read the paper, have a business meeting or catch up with friends. 
Incorporating local, fresh produce from the region, the menu caters for all tastes from the classic eggs to a modern Moroccan salad. You can enjoy a long lunch with a glass of wine or take your food and drinks to go.

9/330 Church St, Parramatta

coffee with latte art picture of a swan and flowers and spilled coffee beans on the table

The Social Hideout in North Parramatta

Sugar and spice and everything nice. These are the ingredients that make up the pretty and very Insta-worthy Social Hideout in North Parramatta. If you want something different to your usual coffee order, this is the place where you can try a latte in flavours like Red Velvet, Matcha Green Tea, and Bubblegum. Their milkshake bath tubs with fluffy fairy floss literally look good enough to soak in. And to mark the occasion don’t forget to take a selfie at their flower photo wall. 

2a/20 Victoria Rd, Parramatta 

pink latte with the letters SH on top of the drink
Image credit: Destination NSW

The Armory Wharf Café in Newington

The Armory Wharf Café at the edge of Blaxland Riverside Park is a great coffee stop before or after exploring the surrounding parklands and Armory precinct. Popular with families, cyclists and walkers, the boardwalk café has incredible 270-degree views of Parramatta River. 

Blaxland Riverside Park, Jamieson Street, Newington

armory wharf cafe view at the riverfront

Bagel Bakery Café in Winston Hills 

The savoury and sweet snacks served up at this Chisholm Centre gem make the perfect accompaniment to your morning or afternoon coffee. From your classic steaming hot meat pies out of a paper bag to your fluffy coconutty lamingtons, the Bagel Bakery Café serves up all the Australian bakery classics. You can take it to go or relax in the sunshine in the sheltered outdoor seating and pick up a book from the street library to enjoy a bit of me-time. 

5/1 Caroline Chisholm Dr, Winston Hills 

cakes being held on a late with text overlay Go Local: Bagel Bakery cafe

Betty Eccles, a story of reinvention

Betty Eccles, a story of reinvention

Discover the intriguing tale of Betty Eccles’ rise from convict woman to Australia’s oldest dairy maid in this video which traces her life story from farm worker in Kent to favoured servant to governors in Parramatta.

James Housison, a prominent architect

James Housison, a prominent architect

Learn the story of James Houison, a prominent architect and builder, whose work shaped early Parramatta.

Baludarri, a Burramatagal man

Baludarri, a Burramatagal man

Learn about young Burramatagal man, Baludarri, who was one of the first Indigenous people to initiate trade with early settlers.